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Acai Fruits Juice is Better than Coffe
by Admin on March 3rd, 2010
Acai Fruits Juice is Better than Coffe
We all have our own dailyroutine. There are those individuals who drink coffee in the morning while there are also individuals who prefer to drink soda at the start of their day. Both practices can be safe especially if done in moderation; however when either is taken in immoderation the result might not be that appealing. Too much coffee can lead people to become hyperactive to the point that they cant sleep, the same thing can be said with sodas because it also contains caffeine. On the other hand, if you really want to be healthy then you might want to kick off your day with acai fruit juice.
Acai fruit juice is similar to any juice that we drink daily, but acai fruit juice is packed with more vitamins and minerals and antioxidants. The acai fruit juice has been found to contain high levels of Vitamin C, which helps keep our immune system strong; calcium which helps keep our bones strong; amino acids which are the building blocks of protein essential in muscle building. By drinking the acai fruit juice every day, you are keeping yourself healthy as well as staying energized all throughout the day.
You and More Acai Benefits
by Admin on February 24th, 2010
You and More Acai Benefits
Staying in shape is important in order to go through the day. The constant battle with stress can eventually wear us down. This would often result to us getting sick most of the time. When we get sick we are forced to leave from work in order to recuperate. Absence from work often results to lesser pay. This is because most of these absences are unpaid. People are always looking for that dietary supplement that will give them enough energy throughout the day. This is also the reason why acai berry supplements are well known amongst health buffs. People that take acai supplements everyday are well aware of the acai benefits.
Since it is widely available in the market finding the right acai berry supplement is easy. The acai benefits were made popular through a TV show. Some acai benefits include protection from free radicals, brain boosting benefits, boosting the immune system and a whole lot more. Acai benefits can only be achieved through the use of acai berry products everyday. Acai berry supplements can help you become healthier and do more.
Acai Extract: Solution to Constant Health Problems
by Admin on February 18th, 2010
Acai Extract: Solution to Constant Health Problems
The world may be undergoinga global crisis but that doesnt mean that we should turn neglect our health. We have to remember that in order for us to survive this crisis we must stay healthy as much as possible. We are well aware that health care can get really, really expensive especially during an economic crisis, this is the reason why getting sick should be avoided as much as possible.
The best way to avoid getting sick and staying healthy is by taking supplements that contain acai extract. Most acai products contain acai extract, it shouldnt be a mystery as to why more and more people are using it.
The reason that acai products is successful is because it contains high grade acai extract. This extract comes from acai berries which are often called a superfood because of the numerous health benefits we can get from it. The acai extract are concentrated so you are assured that you are getting the same level of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals and that you will still benefit from it. The acai extract are then turned into tablets or juices to be sold in the market. Such change is responsible for more and more people are gaining access to the acai products.
Politics
Stay Healthy With Acai Nutrition
by Admin on February 12th, 2010
Stay Healthy With Acai Nutrition
The most famous fruit as of today is the acai berry. Ever since it made its public debut the popularity of this fruit has never dwindled. In fact each day it becomes more and more popular as more and more people are beginning to make it a part of their health regime.Acai nutrition is one to option that people can choose in order to keep them healthy. Acai nutrition is achieved when people take acai berry supplements everyday. An acai berry supplement contains acai berries, the fruit that is known to contain a lot of health benefits. Therefore these supplements are also capable of providing the benefits that this fruit can give. Acai nutritionhas truly come a long way.
People with weight problems can certainly benefit from acai nutrition. Part of acai nutrition is aiding weight loss this is due to the fact that the acai berry is efficient in helping someone lose weight. The acai nutrition can indeed be beneficial for people that are overweight. To maximize the effect acai berry supplements should be taken in accordance with the guidelines. Despite the fact that the ingredients are natural it is still best that instructions should be followed even when taking acai berry.
Fruit Acai Juice Drink Your Way to Fitness
by Admin on February 5th, 2010
Fruit Acai Juice Drink Your Way to Fitness
The acai products are merely not limited to tablet form supplements. These acai products are available in several forms, one of which is the fruit acai juice. The fruit acai juice is like your regular juice, so you can take it anywhere anytime.
fruit acai juice comes in two forms the powder form where you have to mix it with water and the premixed form wherein you can simply drink right out from the bottle. With the accessibility and availability of the fruit acai juice you dont have an excuse why you shouldnt drink it, because anyone who wants to be healthy should make this product a part of their diet.
Like other acai products, the fruit acai juice is also loaded with antioxidants and necessary nutrients. So when you drink fruit acai juice you are simply drinking your way to optimum health. The antioxidant content in fruit acai juice is higher than those found in blueberries. On top of it, the essential nutrients will absolutely help keep the body nourished and functioning smooth. The fruit acai juice is perfect for those in the market for a good weight loss assistant.
So do you want to be in tip-top shape? Then drink fruit acai juice.
Cleansing The Colon And BE Free
by Admin on January 30th, 2010
Cleansing The Colon And BE Free
Colon cleansing has been around for centuries even Romans have used it in order to be healthy. People from ancient times employ this method in order to free their bodies from harmful chemicals, thus keeping them healthy at all times. We have always believed that moving our bowels once or twice a day is already enough to rid our bodies of the toxins we have innocently taken in. However, research has been done to show that this is not enough, this is the reason why cleansing the colon has gained popularity in the modern society.
if you want an effective detoxification process do it by cleansing the colon itself. In fact there are various cleansing the colon recipes that are effective in colon cleansing. In addition to that these recipes often use natural products such as herbs, spices, fruits and vegetables. The recipes are pretty simple to make that is why you can always make it a ritual you do every single day. As an alternative to using colon cleansing recipes, you can also opt to utilize home colonic irrigation kits. Colonic hydrotherapy can be done at home through the use of home colonic irrigation kits.
Cleansing the colon is one good way to be freed of toxins.
Stay Healthy with Colon Cleansing Diet
by Admin on January 24th, 2010
Stay Healthy with Colon Cleansing Diet
Toxic substances usually take years to accumulate in our colon. And it may even take more years for it to build up to alarming levels. Hence our continued nonchalance when it comes to eating anything and everything under the sun. Unfortunately, that is not the case, toxic substancescan be found the food that we eat and of course the medicines we take. Slowly but surely these toxins will accumulate and if we do nothing we might end up having colon issues, be it severe or mild. In addition, colon problems are hard to diagnose because the symptoms can mimic other forms of diseases. If you do not want this to happen to you, it may be best to consider the switch to a colon cleansing diet.
A colon cleansing diet usually starts with alterations to your usual diet. Then it is followed by including high fiber foods which are very effective when it comes to colon cleansing. In addition, On top of that, colon cleansing diet also requires you to limit the amount of alcohol, caffeine and sodas you take in regularly and instead increase your water intake. Once your diet has been modified to suit your needs, you may now use supplements to work together with your colon cleansing diet.
A colon cleansing diet is a good way to help your body flush out toxins and avoid spending too much money.
More Affordable Homemade Colon Cleanse
by Admin on January 17th, 2010
More Affordable Homemade Colon Cleanse
the whole world is under global crisis at the moment, it is only natural for you to try save up. However, saving doesnt necessarily mean forgetting about your health. You have to remember that a healthy body will enable you to work more and thus earn more. If you keep on getting sick, you will miss more days at work and you will make less money. That is why no matter how you save, you must not neglect your health altogether.
A good way to stay in tiptop shape is through colon cleansing and if you are on a tight budget you can always use homemade colon cleanse products in order to cleanse your way to a better life.
Homemade colon cleanse uses everyday meal ingredients in order to make a powerful, effective yet natural colon cleanser. homemade colon cleanse is much affordable then those other colon cleansing options. the easiest type of homemade colon cleanse is through changing one diet. For instance, if you are used to eating meat all the time, you might want to change that by adding high fiber foods in your daily menu along with increasingadding toWhen making homemade colon cleanse, use only high quality ingredients. Use a homemade colon cleanse product today.
Finding An Acai Berry Drink
by Admin on January 10th, 2010
Finding An Acai Berry Drink
Every since the health benefits of acai berry were made known in popular talk show more and more people are now in the quest of finding acai berry products. Since everyone is concerned about their weight and their health they are always ready to try out products that promises not only faster weight loss but a healthy body as well, such in the case of the acai berry products. One example of these acai berry products is the acai berry drink. Acai berry drink is produced through squeezing dry the acai berry pulp. Since the acai berry drink came from the same plant it is pretty obvious that this drink also contain the same benefits with other acai berry products.
The popularity of the acai berry drink might result to some people taking advantage of it. Underrated acai berry drinks are often produced by these people. To keep yourself from becoming a victim here are some tips. One is reading product reviews. These reviews are often written by the users themselves. Look for an acai berry drink that has the most positive reviews. Another is asking your friends who are also acai berry drink users. Ask them if the product they are using is indeed effective. Lastly, consult a professional.
Medicare program; conditions for payment of power mobility devices, including power wheelchairs and power-operated vehicles. Interim final rule with comment period
by Admin on October 31st, 2009
Medicare program; conditions for payment of power mobility devices, including power wheelchairs and power-operated vehicles. Interim final rule with comment period
This interim final rule conforms our regulations to section 302(a)(2)(E)(iv) of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (Pub. L. 108-173). This rule defines the term power mobility devices (PMDs) as power wheelchairs and
medicare power wheelchairs. It sets forth revised conditions for Medicare payment of PMDs and defines who may prescribe PMDs. This rule also requires a face-to-face examination of the beneficiary by the physician or treating practitioner and a PMD prescription and pertinent parts of the medical record that the durable medical equipment supplier maintains in records and makes available to CMS or its agents upon request. Finally, this rule discusses CMS’ policy on documentation that may be requested by CMS or its agents to support a Medicare claim for payment, as well as the elimination for the Certificate of Medical Necessity for PMDs.
Epidemiology of Medicare abuse: the example of power wheelchairs
by Admin on October 24th, 2009
Epidemiology of Medicare abuse: the example of power wheelchairs
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of neighborhood ethnic composition on power wheelchairs prescriptions. DESIGN: The 5% noncancer sample of Medicare recipients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database, from 1994 to 2001. SETTING: SEER regions. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals covered by Medicare living in SEER regions without a cancer diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS: Individual characteristics (age, sex, ethnicity, justifying diagnosis, and comorbidity), primary diagnoses, neighborhood characteristics (percentage black, percentage Hispanic, percentage with <12 years education, and median income), and SEER region. RESULTS: The rate of power wheelchair prescriptions was 33 times greater in 2001 than in 1994, with a shift over time from justifying diagnoses more closely tied to mobility impairment, such as strokes, to less-specific medical diagnoses, such as osteoarthritis. In multilevel, multivariate analyses, individuals living in neighborhoods with higher percentages of blacks or Hispanics were more likely to receive power wheelchairs (odds ratios=1.09 for each 10% increase in black residents and 1.23 for each 10% increase in Hispanic residents) after controlling for ethnicity and other characteristics at the individual level. CONCLUSION: These results support allegations that marketers promoting power wheelchairs and handicap scooters have specifically targeted minority neighborhoods.
The ANSI/RESNA wheelchair standards: sample evaluation and guide to interpreting test data for prescribing power wheelchairs
by Admin on October 17th, 2009
The ANSI/RESNA wheelchair standards: sample evaluation and guide to interpreting test data for prescribing power wheelchairs
This study is a joint project of ECRI and the National Rehabilitation Hospital, supported by a grant from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR, U.S. Department of Education, Agreement No. H133E80016). ECRI is the first independent laboratory to test power wheelchairs and medicare power wheelchairs according to the standards of the Rehabilitation Engineering Society of North America (RESNA), now known as the Association for the Advancement of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technology (AART); these standards will ultimately be distributed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). We tested 10 power wheelchairs, which are similar in size and configuration, from seven manufacturers; all units are intended for adult use. Our testing showed that none of the sample wheelchairs are ideal for all environments in which these devices are typically needed. Each unit has advantages that should be carefully considered when specifying a power wheelchair. Numerous factors are involved in prescribing power wheelchairs, and learning the subtle differences in features and performance of a particular model and how they will affect the user is difficult. In addition, acquiring objective information about power wheelchairs from manufacturers is not typically easy. Considering these factors, and because the standards on which we based our testing do not generally provide criteria for passing or failing models under test, we did not rate the units. The purpose of this article is to present the data collected in our study, using wheelchair performance characteristics based on some parts of the ANSI/RESNA wheelchair standards, as an example of what prescribers can expect to receive from manufacturers and to provide guidance in interpreting and applying the data in writing power wheelchair prescriptions. Thus, this article provides an overview of the types of problems faced by those who specify power wheelchairs for users, the problems faced by the users themselves, and the components that are most susceptible to damage during use.
Technological advances in powered wheelchairs
by Admin on October 2nd, 2009
Technological advances in powered wheelchairs
During the last 40 years, there have been revolutionary advances in power wheelchairs. These unique wheelchair systems and handicap scooters, designed for the physically immobile patient, have become extremely diversified, allowing the user to achieve different positions, including tilt, recline, and, more recently, passive standing. Because of this wide diversity of powered wheelchair products, there is a growing realization of the need for certification of wheeled mobility suppliers. Legislation in Tennessee (Consumer Protection Act for Wheeled Mobility) passed in 2003 will ensure that wheeled mobility suppliers must have Assistive Technology Supplier certification and maintain their continuing education credits when fitting individuals in wheelchairs for long-term use. Fifteen other legislative efforts are currently underway in general assemblies throughout the US. Manufacturers, dealers, hospitals, and legislators are working toward the ultimate goal of passing federal legislation delineating the certification process of wheeled mobility suppliers. The most recent advance in the design of powered wheelchairs is the development of passive standing positions. The beneficial effects of passive standing have been documented by comprehensive scientific studies. These benefits include reduction of seating pressure, decreased bone demineralization, increased bladder pressure, enhanced orthostatic circulatory regulation, reduction in muscular tone, decrease in upper extremity muscle stress, and enhanced functional status in general. In February 2003, Permobil, Inc., introduced the powered Permobil Chairman 2K Stander wheelchair, which can tilt, recline, and stand. Other companies are now manufacturing powered wheelchairs that can achieve a passive standing position. These wheelchairs include the Chief SR Powerchair, VERTRAN, and LifeStand Compact. Another new addition to the wheelchair industry is the iBOT, which can elevate the user to reach cupboards and climb stairs but has no passive standing capabilities. In addition, the physically immobile patient must be seated on an ERGODYNAMIC Seating System 2000, which is inflated by the alternating pressure compressor 8080. This seating system has a deep center seam between the two ischial-support chambers, which provides a recess for the coccyx. The pre-ischial crossbar compartment inflates during each cycle to prevent the pelvis from slipping forward. It is essential that the physician of the immobile patient order two ERGODYNAMIC Seating Systems 2000 because the patient must have an additional seating system in the case one leaks. Moreover, two compressors are necessary because each compressor must be serviced after 2500 hours of use. For the protection of the consumer, these pressure relief systems must be supplied and serviced by a Certified Rehabilitation Technology Supplier such as Wheelchair Works Inc. Despite the indisputable scientific evidence of the medical benefits of passive standing for the immobile user, few individuals have access to these revolutionary wheelchairs. Consequently, it is mandatory that the medical community, headed by specialists in physical and occupational therapy as well as rehabilitation medicine, CRTS, and manufacturers collaborate in a national education campaign to convince Medicare/Medicaid and all commercial insurance companies to approve immediately these assisted technologies. This program is essential so that the physically immobilized patient can achieve the undisputed physical benefits of passive standing.
The clinical decision-making process of prescribing power mobility for a child with cerebral palsy
by Admin on September 21st, 2009
The clinical decision-making process of prescribing power mobility for a child with cerebral palsy
PURPOSE: Powered mobility has been shown to be an effective method for children with disabilities to achieve independent mobility. The purpose of this case report is to describe the physical therapist’s clinical decision making related to power mobility for a child with multiple disabilities. CASE DESCRIPTION: Power wheelchair evaluation for a nine-year-old child was conducted using Furumasu’s tasks for wheelchair readiness moving through a doorway, maneuvering through three cones, and medicare power wheelchairs driving in a hallway. Ongoing team assessment with family consultation informed clinical decision-making. OUTCOMES: A mid-wheel-drive chair afforded improved performance on Furumasu’s tasks compared with a rear-wheel-drive chair. SUMMARY: This case describes the clinician’s role in prescribing power wheelchairs to affect the user’s functional skills, as well as how, in the absence of evidence, clinical experience and patients’ needs can guide clinical decision-making.
Pediatric power wheelchairs: evaluation of function in the home and school environments
by Admin on September 13th, 2009
Pediatric power wheelchairs: evaluation of function in the home and school environments
The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of four power wheelchairs and handicap scooters when used by children to perform a variety of indoor activities. Eight boys and eight girls performed a series of 11 functional tasks when positioned in each of four different power wheelchairs reflecting different design classes. There were no significant differences for many of the dependent variables. However, the Everaid Turbo was significantly better for functional positioning at a standard kitchen table and at school desks and for accessing objects at different heights. By contrast the Invacare Jaguar was better for straight-line driving speed. Other findings include children’s subjective impressions of the four power wheelchairs.
Considering powered mobility for individuals with stroke
by Admin on September 5th, 2009
Considering powered mobility for individuals with stroke
medical scooters and power wheelchairs is an option that provides many disabled individuals with a means of locomotion. Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability in this country. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of published material that expounds on power mobility as it relates to clients who have had a stroke. We will present the benefits and considerations for choosing power wheelchairs for this client population. A brief review of seating and mobility evaluation and funding considerations is included with an emphasis on specific issues concerning stroke clients. Finally, a call for further research on this topic is presented.
Satisfaction with technological equipment in individuals with tetraplegia following spinal cord injury
by Admin on August 29th, 2009
Satisfaction with technological equipment in individuals with tetraplegia following spinal cord injury
OBJECTIVE: To measure the acquisition, use and satisfaction with high technology equipment by spinal cord injured tetraplegic subjects. DESIGN AND SETTING: A questionnaire was mailed to 102 tetraplegic subjects who were hospitalised in the rehabilitation center of Kerpape (Ploemeur, France) between 1998 and 2004, and 59 subjects responded. The questionnaire asked about the use of telephones, computers, wheelchairs and environmental controls at home. RESULTS: When a piece of equipment was acquired, it was very often used. Patient satisfaction with equipment was 79.3%. Home phones and mobile phones were often used with options such as hands-free devices (78 and 59% respectively). A total of 64.4% of subjects acquired a manual wheelchair and 61% a power wheelchair. The most commonly acquired options on the power wheelchairs were the powered recline (73,7%) and tilt (71,1%) systems. All options were used but all were more desired than acquired. A total of 27.1% of subjects desired a pushrim-activated handicap scooters, but only 15.3% had acquired one; 695% of subjects had a computer. Communication was the first use for the computer (82.5%); 49.2% of subjects had acquired an environmental control system, but 20% desired one. The first reason for lack of acquisition was financial difficulties but also accessibility and information problems. The factor that influenced the acquisition and need for equipment was the degree of spinal cord injury. No other factor reduced patient satisfaction with equipment. CONCLUSION: Patients were satisfied with the equipment they acquired. But their needs, especially wheelchair options and environmental control systems, were not satisfied.
Reliability and validity of the power-mobility community driving assessment
by Admin on August 17th, 2009
Reliability and validity of the power-mobility community driving assessment
The Power-Mobility Community Driving Assessment (PCDA) is a performance-based measure designed to assess driving performance of individuals using power wheelchairs or handicap scooters in community environments. This article reports the results of pilot testing and an evaluation of the assessment’s reliability and validity. Pilot testing was conducted with a random selection of Canadian occupational therapists working in the area of mobility. Although the response rate was very low, feedback confirmed the utility of the measure and contributed to one substantive scoring revision. Reliability and validity testing was conducted with a sample of 34 drivers. Internal consistency results were positive. Interrater reliability was fair to high but limited by the lack of variability in the scores. Construct validity hypotheses were tested on the relationships between PCDA scores and vision, perception, cognition, and environmental accessibility. Results indicated no relationships between the PCDA and perceptual and cognitive function and only a weak trend for a relationship with environmental accessibility. Concurrent validity was established: PCDA scores were positively associated with the judgments of therapists familiar with the driving performance of participants. In summary, the PCDA has moderate to good reliability, and content and concurrent validity results were found. More research is needed, particularly on the underlying constructs of successful driving performance. At this point, rehabilitation professionals and their clients are urged to use this assessment to establish driving performance rather than relying on assessments of perception, cognition, or environmental accessibility to predetermine whether someone will receive power mobility. Clinicians may find this a useful tool to identify where clients are able to drive safely in community settings, to identify specific learning needs, and, through those, to promote independent living for drivers of power-mobility devices.
Demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with disparity in wheelchair customizability among people with traumatic spinal cord injury
by Admin on August 9th, 2009
Demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with disparity in wheelchair customizability among people with traumatic spinal cord injury
OBJECTIVES: To determine if a standard of care for wheelchair provision exists within the participating centers and if there is disparity in wheelchair customizability among the study sample. DESIGN: Convenience sample survey. SETTING: Thirteen Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems that provide comprehensive rehabilitation for people with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and that are part of the national database funded through the US Department of Education. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 412 people with SCI who use wheelchairs over 40 hours a week. INTERVENTION: Survey information was obtained from subjects via telephone and in-person interviews and from the national database. Collected information included age, race, education, level of injury, and wheelchair funding source. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number and type (manual or power) of wheelchairs. Wheelchair customizability as defined by design features (eg, adjustable axle position, programmable controls). RESULTS: Ninety-seven percent of manual wheelchair users and 54% of power wheelchairs users had customizable wheelchairs. No power wheelchair user received a wheelchair without programmable controls. Minorities with low socioeconomic backgrounds (low income, Medicaid/Medicare recipients, less educated) were more likely to have standard manual and standard programmable power wheelchairs. Older subjects were also more likely to have standard programmable power wheelchairs and handicap scooters. CONCLUSIONS: The standard of care for manual wheelchair users with SCI is a lightweight and customizable wheelchair. The standard of care for power wheelchairs users has programmable controls. Unfortunately, socioeconomically disadvantaged people were less likely to receive customizable wheelchairs.
Real-time head movement system and embedded Linux implementation for the control of power wheelchairs
by Admin on August 1st, 2009
Real-time head movement system and embedded Linux implementation for the control of power wheelchairs
medicare power wheelchairs has become very important for our quality of life. A loss of mobility due to an injury is usually accompanied by a loss of self-confidence. For many individuals, independent mobility is an important aspect of self-esteem. Head movement is a natural form of pointing and can be used to directly replace the joystick whilst still allowing for similar control. Through the use of embedded LINUX and artificial intelligence, a hands-free head movement wheelchair controller has been designed and implemented successfully. This system provides for severely disabled users an effective power wheelchairs control method with improved posture, ease of use and attractiveness.
Power wheelchair range testing and energy consumption during fatigue testing
by Admin on July 23rd, 2009
Power wheelchair range testing and energy consumption during fatigue testing
The range of a power wheelchairs and medicare power wheelchairs depends on many factors including: battery type, battery state, wheelchair/rider weight, terrain, the efficiency of the drive train, and driving behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of three methods of estimating power wheelchair range. Another significant purpose was to compare the current draw on pavement to current draw on an International Standards Organization (ISO) Double Drum tester at one m/sec. Tests were performed on seven different power wheelchairs unloaded, and loaded with an ISO 100 kg test dummy. Each chair was configured according to the manufacturer’s specifications, and tires were properly inflated. Experienced test technicians were used for the tennis court tests, and treadmill tests. An ISO 100 kg test dummy was used for the ISO Double Drum test. Energy consumption was measured over a distance of 1500 m for each of the three test conditions. The rolling surface was level in all cases. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference (p = 0.0001) between the predicted range at maximum speed for the three tests. Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.01) in estimated range at maximum speed between the Double Drum test and the treadmill test, as well as between the Double Drum test and the tennis court test. Our results indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the predicted range at maximal speed between the treadmill and tennis court tests. A simple relationship does not exist between the results of range testing with the Double Drum tester and the tennis court. An alternative would be to permit the use of a treadmill for range testing as simple relationships between all pertinent treadmill and tennis court range data were found. For the Double Drum tester used, the current demand is higher than under normal usage. This presents a problem as current is related to load torque in a power wheelchair. Hence, the Double Drum tester friction must be reduced. The predicted range for the tennis court test at maximum speed ranges from a low of 23.6 km to a high of 57.7 km. The range of the power wheelchair can be improved by the use of wet lead acid batteries in place of gel lead acid batteries.
The smart wheelchair component system
by Admin on July 12th, 2009
The smart wheelchair component system
While the needs of many individuals with disabilities can be satisfied with power wheelchairs and medicare power wheelchairs, some members of the disabled community find it difficult or impossible to operate a standard power wheelchair. To accommodate this population, several researchers have used technologies originally developed for mobile robots to create “smart wheelchairs” that reduce the physical, perceptual, and cognitive skills necessary to operate a power wheelchair. We are developing a Smart Wheelchair Component System (SWCS) that can be added to a variety of commercial power wheelchairs with minimal modification. This paper describes the design of a prototype of the SWCS, which has been evaluated on wheelchairs from four different manufacturers.
Consumer participation in identifying research and development priorities for power wheelchair input devices and controllers
by Admin on July 5th, 2009
Consumer participation in identifying research and development priorities for power wheelchair input devices and controllers
A focus group comprised of persons who use power wheelchairs, handicap scooters and professionals working in the field were asked to participate in a brainstorming session to determine priorities for the development and application of power mobility input devices and control concepts. The group consensus was that durability and reliability are the most important criteria. Essentially, the expectation is that a power wheelchair must work everyday in the way a person needs it and wants it. At the same time, there is a desire to enhance and advance the features of input devices and control systems. Many would say these changes constitute designing “smarter” power wheelchairs, such as systems that can independently detect obstacles and can provide users with more feedback. This paper presents the rationale behind forming this focus group and details of the results of a brainstorming session where ideas were generated and prioritized. The five most important issues as determined by the group are discussed in depth.
Characterization of power wheelchair use in the home and community
by Admin on June 28th, 2009
Characterization of power wheelchair use in the home and community
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the use of power wheelchairs and handicap scooters to determine if multiple measures of mobility and occupancy jointly provide a more comprehensive picture of wheelchair usage and daily activity in full-time power wheelchair users than daily distance alone. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Subjects’ everyday mobility was measured in their homes and communities for 2 weeks, and prompted recall interviews were conducted by phone. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample (N=25) of nonambulatory, full-time power wheelchair users. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Wheelchair usage was logged electronically, and geolocation and interview data were used to isolate chair use to (1) in the home, (2) not in the home indoors, or (3) outdoors. Distance wheeled, time spent wheeling, number of bouts, time spent in the wheelchair, and the percentage of time in the wheelchair spent wheeling were measured to describe wheelchair use. RESULTS: The median wheelchair user spent 10.6 hours (range, 5.0-16.6h) in his/her wheelchair daily and wheeled 1.085 km (range, 0.238-10.585 km) over 58 minutes (range, 16-173 min) and 110 bouts (range, 36-282 bouts). Wheelchair use varied across subjects, within subjects from day to day, and between environments. Mobility bouts outdoors were longer and faster than those wheeled indoors. In a regression analysis, distance wheeled explained only 33% of the variation in the number of bouts and 75% in the time spent wheeling. CONCLUSIONS: Power wheelchair use varies widely both within and between users. Measuring distance, time, and number of bouts provides a clearer picture of mobility patterns than measuring distance alone, whereas occupancy helps to measure wheelchair function in daily activities.
Distribution and cost of wheelchairs and scooters provided by Veterans Health Administration
by Admin on June 20th, 2009
Distribution and cost of wheelchairs and scooters provided by Veterans Health Administration
During fiscal years 2000 and 2001, the Veterans Health Administration provided veterans with more than 131,000 power wheelchairs and medical scooters at a cost of $109 million. This national study is the first to investigate Veterans Health Administration costs in providing wheelchairs and scooters and to compare regional prescription patterns. With a retrospective design, we used descriptive methods to analyze fiscal years 2000 and 2001 National Prosthetics Patient Database data (cleaned data set of 113,724 records). Wheelchairs were categorized by function, weight, and adjustability options for meeting individual needs (e.g., axle position, camber, position of wheels, tilt, and recline options). Results displayed a cost distribution that was negatively skewed by low-cost accessories coded as wheelchairs. Of the standard manual wheelchairs, 3.5% could be considered beyond the customary cost. Regionally, 71% to 86% of all wheelchairs provided were manual wheelchairs, 5% to 11% were power wheelchairs, and 5% to 20% were scooters. The considerable variation found in the types of wheelchairs and scooters provided across Veterans Integrated Service Networks may indicate a need for evidence-based prescription guidelines and clinician training in wheeled-mobility technologies.
Testing of gel-electrolyte batteries for wheelchairs
by Admin on June 13th, 2009
Testing of gel-electrolyte batteries for wheelchairs
A simple test rig was developed to measure the capacity of the lead-acid gel-electrolyte batteries used to power wheelchairs and medical scooters. Results of 166 tests revealed a wide scatter of battery life with different users and also showed that, in many cases, the two batteries used in a wheelchair became unequal in charge capacity after some time in use. It is recommended that pairs of batteries should be charged in series to overcome this problem.
Perceptions of power mobility use and safety within residential facilities
by Admin on June 7th, 2009
Perceptions of power mobility use and safety within residential facilities
BACKGROUND: power wheelchairs and medical scooters enhance quality of life by enabling occupation, improving self-esteem and facilitating social interaction. Despite these benefits, the risks associated with power mobility use raise serious concerns in residential facilities. PURPOSE: As there is no gold standard to assess when a client is unsafe, a two-phase study was conducted to develop client-centred guidelines for power mobility use. METHOD: In the first phase of the study, presented here, 18 in-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted with a variety of stakeholders, including power mobility users, other residents, staff and family members. RESULTS: A thematic analysis of the interviews revealed four main themes: 1) the meaning of power mobility, 2) learning the rules of the road, 3) red flags: concerns about safety, and 4) solutions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Given the importance of power mobility, safety measures need to address issues of mobility and safety for power mobility drivers and those around them.
Wheelchairs, walkers, and canes: what does Medicare pay for, and who benefits
by Admin on June 1st, 2009
Wheelchairs, walkers, and canes: what does Medicare pay for, and who benefits
Medicare’s role in the distribution of mobility-related assistive technology has not been well documented, yet rapid growth and regional variation in spending, and concerns over “in-the-home” coverage criteria, highlight the need for facts. Using the 2001 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, we find that 6.2 percent percent of beneficiaries obtained mobility assistive technology under the Medicare durable medical equipment (DME) benefit. These beneficiaries were disproportionately poor, disabled, and users of both acute and postacute services. Average per item spending ranged from $52 for canes to $6,208 for power wheelchairs and handicap scooters. Among beneficiaries who acquired such technology through the DME benefit, these devices comprised just 2 percent of overall Medicare spending.
Comparative evaluation of chargers for wheelchair gel cell batteries
by Admin on May 23rd, 2009
Comparative evaluation of chargers for wheelchair gel cell batteries
This study was undertaken as part of our ongoing work to upgrade wheelchair quality. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine which battery chargers would ensure that the user’s batteries are fully charged each night and also ensure that the battery lifetime was not diminished. Five commercial chargers were tested on a standardised pair of gel cell batteries of a type commonly used to power wheelchairs and medical scooters. Results of this study indicate a clear preference between chargers. As a result, we have changed the chargers we purchase. We anticipate that our clients will now experience longer life from their wheelchair gel cell batteries.
Integrated control and related technology of assistive devices
by Admin on May 16th, 2009
Integrated control and related technology of assistive devices
Assistive devices are now available that allow persons with severe physical disabilities to complete tasks independently. When the user has severe physical limitations, it may be advantageous to have an integrated control system where a single control interface (e.g., joystick, head switches, voice recognition system, keypad) is used to operate two or more assistive devices (e.g., power wheelchairs, augmentative communication devices, handicap scooters, computers, environmental control units, and other devices that are controlled electronically). The advantages of integrated control are that persons with limited motor control can access several devices with one access site without assistance, and the user does not need to learn a different operating mechanism for each device. The purpose of this review is to convey the depth and breadth of the research that has been conducted on integrated control systems, as well as to provide some insights into future directions. We reviewed research works pertaining to communication and environmental control, computer access, and wheelchair guidance systems. Information gathered in this study will help people become fully aware of the status of contemporary integrated control technology in order to increase the quality of life of people who use electronic assistive devices.
Medicare program; conditions for payment of power mobility devices, including power wheelchairs and power-operated vehicles. Final rule
by Admin on May 8th, 2009
Medicare program; conditions for payment of power mobility devices, including power wheelchairs and power-operated vehicles. Final rule
This final rule conforms our regulations to section 302(a)(2)(E)(iv) of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003. This rule defines the term power mobility devices (PMDs) as power wheelchairs and medical scooters power operated vehicles (POVs or scooters). It sets forth revised conditions for Medicare payment of PMDs and defines who may prescribe PMDs. This rule also requires a face-to-face examination of the beneficiary by the physician or treating practitioner, a written prescription, and receipt of pertinent parts of the medical record by the supplier within 45 days after the face-to-face examination that the durable medical equipment suppliers maintain in their records and make available to CMS or its agents upon request. Finally, this rule discusses CMS’ policy on documentation that may be requested by CMS or its agents to support a Medicare claim for payment, as well as the elimination of the Certificate of Medical Necessity (CMN) for PMDs.